WEBVTT 00:01.864 --> 00:03.096 DISPERSED, THE PEOPLE WILL HAVE 00:03.098 --> 00:04.947 TO COME TOGETHER AND MAKE DEALS 00:04.948 --> 00:06.083 WITH EACH OTHER AND THAT’S A 00:06.084 --> 00:08.030 GOOD THING. 00:08.031 --> 00:10.306 >> MADISON CERTAINLY, JON 00:10.307 --> 00:12.608 MEACHAM SHALL READING THROUGH 00:12.609 --> 00:14.702 THIS BOOK, ALONG WITH GEORGE 00:14.703 --> 00:16.467 WASHINGTON, FOR SO MANY REASONS, 00:16.469 --> 00:18.164 EVEN MORE THAN THE CONSTITUTION, 00:18.165 --> 00:20.341 MADISON APPEARS TO BE THE ONE OF 00:20.375 --> 00:23.128 THE TWO INDISPENSABLE MEN OF THE 00:23.162 --> 00:25.293 FOUNDING OF THIS REPUBLIC. 00:25.294 --> 00:27.166 BUT IT IS INTERESTING. 00:27.200 --> 00:30.143 THE FOUNDER THAT YOU SPENT SO 00:30.177 --> 00:32.669 MUCH OF YOUR LIFE, SEVERAL YEARS 00:32.670 --> 00:35.692 BACK, WRITING ABOUT, RESEARCHING 00:35.693 --> 00:36.942 AND WRITING ABOUT, THOMAS 00:36.976 --> 00:39.341 JEFFERSON WAS AN OUTLIER AS FAR 00:39.375 --> 00:42.022 AS HIS EDUCATION GOES. 00:42.023 --> 00:44.128 WHILE EVERYBODY ELSE WAS GAZING 00:44.162 --> 00:47.437 UPON THE ROMANS AND WANTING TO 00:47.438 --> 00:50.714 BE THE IDEAL ROMAN, JEFFERSON 00:50.748 --> 00:53.438 WAS ENAMORED WITH THE GREEKS. 00:53.439 --> 00:56.498 >> HE WAS, AND THE PHRASE THE 00:56.499 --> 00:59.574 PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS, THE GREEK 00:59.608 --> 01:01.650 WORD OF HAPPINESS WAS WHAT 01:01.685 --> 01:03.988 JEFFERSON HAD IN MIND, WHICH WAS 01:03.989 --> 01:06.519 THAT WE WERE IN A COVENANT, THAT 01:06.553 --> 01:12.446 IT WAS NOT SIMPLY INDIVIDUAL 01:12.480 --> 01:15.158 HAPPINESS, BUT THAT IT, SOCIETAL 01:15.192 --> 01:16.419 HARMONY GAME FROM INDIVIDUAL 01:16.453 --> 01:16.784 HARMONY. 01:16.785 --> 01:19.395 I THINK THAT’S ONE OF THE GREAT 01:19.396 --> 01:21.975 LESSONS FOR US IN THIS MOMENT, 01:21.976 --> 01:23.795 THAT IN FACT OUR INDIVIDUAL 01:23.830 --> 01:25.500 VIRTUE, OUR INDIVIDUAL 01:25.534 --> 01:28.121 DISPOSITIONS OF HEART AND MIND, 01:28.122 --> 01:30.524 FIND FULL PUBLIC EXPRESSION. 01:30.525 --> 01:33.538 SO WHEN PEOPLE FEEL POWERLESS IN 01:33.572 --> 01:35.702 A POLITICAL MOMENT, IN FACT THEY 01:35.703 --> 01:37.301 ARE NOT. 01:37.335 --> 01:41.214 JEFFERSON BELIEVED IN THIS 01:41.248 --> 01:43.308 NOTION THAT HARMONY WAS 01:43.310 --> 01:44.148 CONCEIVABLE. 01:44.182 --> 01:46.505 WILDLY IMPERFECT, WILDLY 01:46.506 --> 01:49.030 CONSTRICTED, YOU KNOW, TO BE 01:49.031 --> 01:52.389 SURE, BUT HIS BASIC VISION OF 01:52.390 --> 01:55.627 THE WORLD WAS ONE IN WHICH, TO 01:55.629 --> 01:57.655 BORROW FROM EDMUND BURKE, LITTLE 01:57.689 --> 02:00.122 PLATOONS OF PEOPLE WOULD, IN 02:00.156 --> 02:02.867 FACT, CREATE THIS REPUBLIC THAT 02:02.902 --> 02:04.597 WOULD FIND VIRTUE. 02:04.632 --> 02:06.394 CAN I ASK TOM A QUESTION? 02:06.429 --> 02:06.834 >> SURE. 02:06.836 --> 02:08.431 >> SO YOU TALKED ABOUT THE 02:08.465 --> 02:11.605 GREEKS AND ROMANS. 02:11.606 --> 02:15.398 I WANT TO ASK YOU ABOUT A 02:15.400 --> 02:15.751 PROTESTANT. 02:15.752 --> 02:16.124 JOHN CALVIN. 02:16.126 --> 02:18.617 CAN YOU ROLL HIM INTO THIS FOR A 02:18.618 --> 02:19.169 MOMENT? 02:19.203 --> 02:21.730 >> I DON’T SEE A LOT OF CALVIN 02:21.731 --> 02:23.484 AMONG THESE GUYS. 02:23.518 --> 02:24.970 THIS IS NOT A PARTICULARLY 02:25.004 --> 02:27.574 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS GROUP OF MEN 02:27.576 --> 02:29.066 THAT I CAN SEE. 02:29.100 --> 02:30.981 RELIGION IS NOT PLAYING A BIG 02:31.015 --> 02:33.324 ROLE IN AMERICAN LIFE, 02:33.359 --> 02:36.525 ESPECIALLY AMONG ELITES, IN THE 02:36.526 --> 02:38.099 REVOLUTIONARY ERA AND THE 02:38.100 --> 02:38.851 POST-REVOLUTIONARY ERA. 02:38.885 --> 02:40.547 IT REALLY COMES IN THE 19th 02:40.582 --> 02:42.347 CENTURY WHEN YOU GET A DOUBLING 02:42.349 --> 02:43.597 OF THE NUMBER OF MINISTERS IN 02:43.631 --> 02:45.994 THE COUNTRY RELATIVE TO THE 02:45.995 --> 02:46.359 POPULATION. 02:46.360 --> 02:49.094 I WANT TO GO BACK TO SOMETHING 02:49.129 --> 02:50.612 YOU SAID ABOUT LIFE, LIBERTY, 02:50.613 --> 02:53.066 THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS. 02:53.101 --> 02:56.342 I SEE THIS COMING OUT OF JOHN 02:56.376 --> 02:57.851 LOCKE WHO WRITES LIFE, LIBERTY, 02:57.852 --> 02:58.723 AND PROPERTY. 02:58.725 --> 03:01.052 OR HE CALLED IT ESTATE. 03:01.053 --> 03:02.607 IT’S A SMALL INTERCHANGES THAT 03:02.608 --> 03:03.963 JEFFERSON MAKES. 03:03.997 --> 03:05.594 LIFE, LIBERTY, AND HAPPINESS. 03:05.629 --> 03:08.217 PROPERTY MEANT YOU WERE A MAN OF 03:08.218 --> 03:09.658 PROPERTY, AND THAT’S RELATIVELY 03:09.659 --> 03:11.448 A SMALL PORTION OF SOCIETY. 03:11.483 --> 03:14.258 CHANGING IT TO LIFE, LIBERTY, 03:14.260 --> 03:16.396 AND HAPPINESS IS SO DEMOCRATIC 03:16.398 --> 03:18.137 BECAUSE EVERYONE IN A SOCIETY 03:18.172 --> 03:18.969 CAN PURSUE HAPPINESS WHETHER 03:18.970 --> 03:20.784 THEY HAVE LAND OR PROPERTY OR 03:20.785 --> 03:21.173 NOT. 03:21.207 --> 03:25.165 AND I THINK IT IS -- I HAVE A 03:25.166 --> 03:30.057 LOT OF PROBLEMS WITH JEFFERSON. 03:30.058 --> 03:33.712 I THINK MY OPINION OF HIM WENT 03:33.746 --> 03:36.940 DOWN USUALLY WELL AWHILE WRITING 03:36.974 --> 03:37.679 THIS BOOK. 03:37.680 --> 03:41.413 THOSE SMALL TWEAKS HE MAKES IN 03:41.447 --> 03:42.852 THIS EPICUREAN DOCUMENT, THE 03:42.886 --> 03:44.366 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, 03:44.400 --> 03:46.960 THAT SETS FORTH THE ASPIRATIONS 03:46.961 --> 03:49.564 FOR THIS COUNTRY FOR THE LAST 03:49.565 --> 03:51.071 250 YEARS IT IS A MAGNIFICENT 03:51.105 --> 03:51.357 DOCUMENT. 03:51.358 --> 03:52.747 I ACTUALLY PUT AT THE END OF THE 03:52.782 --> 03:55.196 BOOK, BECAUSE I LIKE READING IT 03:55.230 --> 03:57.298 SO MUCH. 03:57.332 --> 03:58.950 >> FAIR ENOUGH. 03:58.951 --> 04:02.202 LET’S GO TO KATTY KAY SHE, SHE H 04:02.203 --> 04:02.977 THE NEXT QUESTION. 04:03.011 --> 04:03.733 KATTY. 04:03.768 --> 04:07.783 >> YEAH, I WANTED TO ASK ABOUT 04:07.784 --> 04:10.130 THE NOTION OF INDIVIDUALISM AND 04:10.164 --> 04:11.353 COLLECTIVISM AND THE IDEA OF 04:11.388 --> 04:12.524 HARMONY AND APPLIED A LITTLE BIT 04:12.526 --> 04:14.324 TO THE MOMENT THAT WE ARE SEEING 04:14.325 --> 04:15.795 IN BECAUSE WE ARE SEEING A REAL 04:15.829 --> 04:16.574 DISINTEGRATION CERTAINLY ON THE 04:16.609 --> 04:17.998 OTHER SIDE OF THE ATLANTIC AT 04:18.000 --> 04:19.474 THE MOMENT AND IT LOOKS LIKE 04:19.508 --> 04:20.448 THERE IS A DISINTEGRATION OF IT 04:20.449 --> 04:20.844 HERE. 04:20.845 --> 04:23.021 DO YOU THINK IT CAN BE REVIVED, 04:23.056 --> 04:25.019 A SENSE OF COLLECTIVISM AND 04:25.020 --> 04:26.794 COMMUNITY THAT LEADS TO HARMONY? 04:26.795 --> 04:30.003 >> I WOULD LOVE TO SEE IT. 04:30.004 --> 04:33.760 WE TALK SO MUCH IN THIS COUNTRY 04:33.795 --> 04:35.809 ABOUT INDIVIDUAL LIBERTIES AND 04:35.811 --> 04:38.001 SO ON, BUT WE FORETHAT’S RIGHTGE 04:38.035 --> 04:39.335 CONSTITUTION NOT ONCE, BUT TWICE 04:39.336 --> 04:41.720 REFERS TO THE GENERAL WELFARE OF 04:41.721 --> 04:43.073 THE PEOPLE. 04:43.108 --> 04:45.239 IN THE PREAMBLE AND LATER, IT 04:45.273 --> 04:47.284 SAYS THIS IS REALLY AN IMPORTANT 04:47.285 --> 04:48.657 PART OF WHO WE ARE, THE GENERAL 04:48.692 --> 04:48.946 WELFARE. 04:48.947 --> 04:51.196 SO, YEAH, I WOULD LIKE TO SEE 04:51.198 --> 04:53.926 MORE TALK ABOUT THE PUBLIC GOOD 04:53.928 --> 04:55.263 AND LESS TALK ABOUT INDIVIDUAL, 04:55.297 --> 04:56.272 AND ESPECIALLY LESS TALK ABOUT 04:56.274 --> 04:58.047 INDIVIDUAL PROPERTY AND 04:58.048 --> 04:59.563 INDIVIDUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. 04:59.597 --> 05:03.181 THE SUPREME COURT SEEMS TO ME TO 05:03.182 --> 05:06.111 HAVE BEEN DEFINING DOWNWARD BY 05:06.112 --> 05:07.778 CONSERVATIVES AS THE COURT OF 05:07.812 --> 05:09.067 AMERICAN PROPERTY, THAT YOU HAVE 05:09.068 --> 05:11.353 A VOICE, YOU HAVE MONEY, YOU CAN 05:11.387 --> 05:13.827 SPEND IT HOW YOU WANT. 05:13.862 --> 05:15.632 YOU CAN INFLUENCE ELECTIONS. 05:15.667 --> 05:18.873 I ACTUALLY THINK THE THING THAT 05:18.907 --> 05:21.274 WOULD SHOCK THE FOUNDERS MOST 05:21.275 --> 05:22.911 AFTER HOW SLAVERY BLEW THE 05:22.912 --> 05:25.223 COUNTRY APART IN THE CIVIL WAR, 05:25.257 --> 05:27.144 I THINK THE THING THAT WOULD 05:27.178 --> 05:29.100 SHOCK THEM MOST IS THE ROLE THAT 05:29.135 --> 05:30.069 CAMPAIGN FINANCE PLAYS IN OUR 05:30.103 --> 05:30.492 ELECTIONS. 05:30.493 --> 05:32.762 THEY WOULD REGARD OUR CAMPAIGN 05:32.763 --> 05:34.017 SYSTEM AS UTTERLY CORRUPT. 05:34.051 --> 05:36.630 AND I THINK THEY WOULD, A LOT OF 05:36.665 --> 05:40.763 THEM, NOT ALL OF THEM, WOULD SAY 05:40.764 --> 05:43.205 THAT AMERICANS NOW LIVE IN AN OL 05:43.206 --> 05:43.884 OLIGARCHY. 05:43.885 --> 05:45.844 IT STILL HAS DEMOCRAT TRAPPINGS. 05:45.845 --> 05:48.096 BUT THEY SAW THOSE THINGS IN THE 05:48.097 --> 05:48.218 ANCIENT WORLDS.